Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History: the American West, c.1835-c.1895 Student Book (EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY (9-1))

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Unit 1: Schools History Project Development Study Option1C: The changing nature of warfare (5HB01/1C) Farming - A hard crust on the soil made it hard to start farming. Farmers could not afford a plough or machines. There were not enough workers. Unit 3: Schools History Project Source Enquiry Option 3C: The impact of war on Britain c1914- c1950 (5HB03/3C) This Act split up most of the remaining Indian land into 160 acre plots. Some of the plots were given to Indians but much of the land was allocated to white settlers.

Realising that the Indians never fought during the Winter months, the army decided to mount a Winter Campaign to try to catch them by surprise and force them into submission. Settlers built 'sod houses', while they lived out of doors - people did their cooking on an open fire. Unit 1: Schools History Project Development Study Option1A: Medicine and public health in Britain, C50AD to the present day (5HB01/1A) John O’Sullivan, editor of the New York newspaper ‘The Morning Post’, first used this phrase to express the long held belief that white Americans had a God-given right to occupy the entire North American continent. Wells Fargo established the stagecoach which allowed travellers to pay to be transported by stagecoach.This was a revolt by the Santee Sioux led by chief Little Crow in protest against the reservations. Unit 3: Modern World Source Enquiry: Option 3A War and transformation of British Society c1903-1928 (5HA03/3A) This Act was an extension to the Homestead Act offering 160 acres of land for free provided that at least 40 acres was planted with trees. Unit 2: Schools History Project Depth Study Option2A: The transformation of British Society c1815-1851 (5HB02/2A)

Drought - There was only 38 cm of rainfall in a year, and the hot summers evaporated dampness from the land. In the 1860s there were terrible droughts, followed by fires. The transcontinental railway was completed. A ceremony, known as the ‘golden spike ceremony’ because a golden spike was used to join the East and West railways, was held at Promontory Point in Utah. The government realised that 160 acres was not enough to sustain people. The Timber Culture Act of 1873 gave farmers another 160 free acres if they grew some trees. Unit 1: Schools History Project Development Study Option1C: The changing nature of warfare in Britain, C50AD to the prsent day (5HB01/1C) This Act established two companies whose purpose was to construct a railway across America. The Union Pacific Railway was established in the East to build the railway to Missouri and then continue west. The Central Pacific Railway would build the railway from Sacramento and then continue east.Teams of 'sodbusters' using steel ploughs did the first ploughing. After 1880, thresher teams travelled around following the harvest. Farmers could hire them for just a few days. A travelling shoe-maker or tinker might pass through who would provide or mend household items, but usually families just had to make do. The women collected 'buffalo chips' for fuel, stoked the stove, and made their own candles and soap. 'I have often wondered how my mother stood it', wrote an early settler. F Glidden invented barbed wire. This invention meant that large areas of land could be fenced relatively cheaply. Unit 3: Modern World Source Enquiry: Option 3B War and transformation of British Society c1931-1951 (5HA03/3B)